Pakalipano, pamene anthu akukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, mayiko padziko lonse lapansi akuletsa kwambiri kusuta fodya.Pakati pa mamembala a 194 a WHO, mamembala a 181 avomereza Framework Convention onKuletsa Fodya, okwana 90 peresenti ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi.Mayiko pang'onopang'ono akupanga njira zawozawo zochepetsera utsi kapenanso mapulani osasuta.
Koma m’chenicheni chosatsutsika, pakali pano pali anthu pafupifupi biliyoni imodzi osuta mwamwambo padziko lonse.Ngati palibe njira zina kapena zowonjezera kuzinthu zina kuti apatse ogula ndudu zachikhalidwe zosankha zambiri ndi zotheka, zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kukwaniritsa kuchepetsa kusuta fodya kapena mapulani opanda utsi opangidwa ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana.Kutuluka kwa ndudu zamagetsi kwadzaza danga ili mwanjira ina.
Pakali pano, padziko lonsee-fodyaZogulitsa zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: zopanda utsi komanso zopanda utsi malinga ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.Pakati pawo, pali zinthu zautsi malinga ndi mfundo zawo zogwirira ntchito, zomwe zingagawidwe m'mitundu iwiri: ndudu zamagetsi za atomization ndi ndudu zamagetsi zotentha (HNB).Ndudu zamagetsi zamagetsi zimatulutsa mpweya kudzera mumadzi atomu kuti anthu azisuta;Ndudu zamagetsi za HNB zimapanga mpweya potenthetsa fodya, yomwe ili pafupi ndi utsi weniweni.Pachifukwa ichi, ndudu zamagetsi zamagetsi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi ndudu zachikhalidwe.Ndudu zamagetsi za HNB zimasiyana kokha ndi momwe zimatulutsira utsi.
Chifukwa chake, m'lingaliro ili, ndudu za atomizing zamagetsi ndizomwe zimayimira zinthu za ndudu zamagetsi.Mu lipotili, pokhapokha ngati zanenedwa mwanjira ina, ndudu zamagetsi ndi ndudu zamagetsi zamagetsi.
“Kuchepetsa kuwonongeka” ndi mtengo wamsika wa ndudu zamagetsi
Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2003,e-fodyamankhwala adutsa zaka zoposa khumi chitukuko.Mawonekedwe azinthu akhala angwiro, ndipo ntchito ndi zochitika zakhala zikukonzedwa mosalekeza.Makamaka, "kuchepetsa kuwonongeka" makhalidwe ae-ndudupang'onopang'ono apeza kutchuka kwa msika ndi mabungwe.
Poyerekeza ndi ndudu zachikhalidwe, ndudu zamagetsi siziwotcha, zilibe phula, komanso zilibe zinthu zopitilira 460 zomwe zingayambitse matenda opuma komanso amtima pomwe ndudu wamba zimawotchedwa, potero zimachotsa ma carcinogens mu ndudu wamba..
Kafukufuku wa CDC ku United States akukhulupirira kuti zomwe zili mu ndudu yeniyeni ya nitrosamine metabolite NNAL mumkodzo wa ogwiritsa ntchito nebulized/vapor e-fodya (ENDS) ndizochepa kwambiri, zomwe ndi 2.2% ya osuta ndudu ndi 0.6% ya fodya wopanda utsi. ogwiritsa.Ma nitrosamines enieni a fodya ndi omwe amawotcha kwambiri mufodya.Bungwe la zaumoyo ku Britain linanenanso kuti poyerekezera ndi ndudu zachikhalidwe, zimatha kuchepetsa ngozi ndi 95%.Tinganene kuti kusagwirizana pakati pa zofuna zaumoyo za anthu osuta ndudu zachikhalidwe ndi zowawa za kusiya kusuta zathetsedwa kwambiri.
Pan Helin, dean wamkulu wa Institute of Digital Economy of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, adanena kuti "kuchepetsa kuvulaza" kwa ndudu za e-fodya ndizofunika kwambiri, ndipo msika uli ndi zofuna zotere, kotero kuti chitukuko chake chikukula mofulumira. .Ndipo a Yao Jianming, pulofesa ku Sukulu ya Bizinesi ya Renmin University of China, adati zinthu zafodya za e-fodya ndizabwino kwambiri pamalingaliro ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, zomwe ndizofunikanso kwa anthu.
Ndudu za e-fodya zingachepetse mtengo wamankhwala
Matenda ndi mavuto azachuma omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusuta akhala akuyang'ana kwambiri anthu.Malinga ndi lipoti la 2018 la Action for Smoking and Health ku United Kingdom, ndalama zomwe UK amawononga pachaka chifukwa cha kusuta zidafika mapaundi mabiliyoni a 12.6, kuphatikiza British National Health Service (NHS) pazamankhwala ndi zaumoyo pafupifupi mapaundi 2.5 biliyoni.
Ku United States, malinga ndi nkhani ya "Annual Healthcare Spending Attributable to Fodya: An Update" yomwe inafalitsidwa mu 2014 ndi American Journal of Preventive Medicine, kufufuza kwa ndalama zachipatala kuyambira 2006 mpaka 2010 kunapeza kuti 8.7% ya ndalama zachipatala pachaka United States ikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kusuta, mpaka $ 170 biliyoni US pachaka;ndalama zoposa 60% za ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimalipidwa ndi mapulogalamu a boma.
Ku China, lipoti la National Health Development Research Center la National Health Commission linanena kuti katundu wachuma wa matenda okhudzana ndi fodya m'dziko langa mu 2018 anali 3.8 thililiyoni yuan, wofanana ndi 4,12% ya GDP ya chaka chimenecho;zomwe, 83.35% inali yolemetsa yosadziwika bwino ya zachuma, ndiko kuti, chikhalidwe Kutayika kwa zokolola, kuphatikizapo kulemala ndi imfa ya msanga.
Nthawi yomweyo, matenda okhudzana ndi fodya amawononga pafupifupi 15% yazachipatala za dziko langa.Ngati amawonedwa ngati matenda, ndiye kuti akhoza pa nambala yachiwiri.
Choncho, pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu osuta fodya pogwiritsa ntchito ndudu zamtundu wa e-fodya, ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachipatala komanso ndalama zina zothandizira anthu zidzachepetsedwa moyenerera.Bungwe la Britain Health Organization linapeza kuti ndudu za e-fodya zingapangitse chipambano cha kusiya kusuta ndi pafupifupi 50%.Ichi ndichifukwa chake UK ili ndi malingaliro abwino pazinthu za ndudu za e-fodya kuposa US.United Kingdom ndi United States ndi omwe amadya kwambiri ndudu za atomu yamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi.Dziko la United Kingdom limachirikiza ndudu za e-fodya ngati chinthu chopangira anthu osuta fodya kuti asiye kusuta kapena kuchepetsa kuvulaza kwa ndudu zachikhalidwe.
"Industrial chain + brand" kuyendetsa magudumu awiri kuti muwonjezere phindu la mafakitale
Malinga ndi zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi, kukula kwa msika wa ndudu za e-fodya kukukulirakulira ndipo gawo lake likupitilira kukula.Makampani anayi akuluakulu a fodya padziko lapansi, Philip Morris International, British American Tobacco, Japan Tobacco, ndi Imperial Tobacco akutenga msikawo mwa kupeza ndi kuyambitsa mitundu yakeyake;pakali pano, mankhwala ake e-ndudu (kuphatikizapo e-ndudu, HNB e-ndudu) ndi gawo la ndalama Kufikira 18.7%, 4.36%, 3.17%, 3.56% motero, kusonyeza kukwera.
Ngakhale makampani aku China e-ndudu adayamba mochedwa, ali ndi zabwino pamafakitale.Makampani aku China a ndudu za e-fodya ali pamalo otsogola kwambiri pakati ndi kumtunda kwa unyolo wamakampani.Pakalipano, apanga mndandanda wathunthu wamakampani kuchokera kwa ogulitsa zinthu zopangira mpaka pakati pa opanga ndi opanga ndudu za e-fodya, ndi makampani ogulitsa otsika.Izi zimathandizira kuchulukitsa kwachangu kwazinthu ndi makampani aku China e-fodya komanso kukwaniritsidwa kwa njira yopangira kuphatikiza R&D, kapangidwe ndi kupanga.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa ndudu za e-fodya mwachiwonekere zimayendetsedwa ndi teknoloji ndi zinthu, ndipo makampani aku China amakonda kumvetsera kwambiri zomwe ogula amakumana nazo, izi zidzasinthidwa kukhala ubwino wa mtundu wa e-fodya wa ku China, womwe ungathe mwamsanga. kumvetsetsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana azachuma komanso zikhalidwe zakunja.Zosowa.Yao Jianming akukhulupirira kuti kugulitsa zinthu padziko lonse lapansi kuyenera kugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe, miyambo, ndi zina, kuti atsegule msika wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Kwa makampani a e-fodya a ku China omwe asintha kuchokera ku makampani a intaneti, amatha kuyendetsedwa ndi zochitika za ogwiritsa ntchito, ali bwino pakugwirizanitsa mafakitale, ndipo katundu wawo akhoza kukwaniritsa mofulumira, zomwe zikuwonekeratu kuti zikuthandizira kukula kwawo kwa msika wapadziko lonse.Pakalipano, RELX, mtsogoleri wa ntchitoyi ku China, ali ndi ndalama zakunja kwa 25% ya ndalama zake zonse ndipo akukulabe.
Chifukwa chake, mosiyana ndi ma foni a smartphone monga Xiaomi ndi Huawei, omwe amatha kupanga zabwino zamtundu wokhwima kudzera pamsika wamphamvu wa ogula m'nyumba ndi makamu a anthu asanapite kutsidya kwa nyanja, ndudu zaku China sizikhala ndi zinthu zotere motengera mfundo.Ngati munkhaniyi, ngati kuwongolera kuli koyenera, ndipo mtundu wa e-fodya waku China ukhoza kupangabe chidziwitso champhamvu chamtundu kunja kwa dziko, chikhala chidziwitso chabwino kwa mitundu ina yaku China kupita kunja.
Mwanjira imeneyi, kudalira "industrial chain + brand" kuyendetsa mawilo awiri kudzatha kukwaniritsa kukweza kwa mtengo wa ndudu za ku China pamakampani apadziko lonse lapansi.
Thandizo loyenera la mtundu wa e-fodya kuti akweze malonda awo akunja
Kutengera chikhalidwe cha mafakitale apadera aku China, msika waposachedwa wa e-fodya wapanga njira ya "Made in China, Consumption in Europe and America".Mu 2018, ndudu zamagetsi zomwe zidapangidwa ku China zidapitilira 90% yazonse padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo 80% yaiwo idagulitsidwa kumisika yaku Europe ndi America.Malinga ndi data ya Leyi, mu 2019, mayiko ndi zigawo 218 padziko lonse lapansi zidagula ndudu za e-fodya ku China, ndipo mtengo waku China wotumiza kunja unali 76.585 biliyoni ya yuan.
Ngakhale akhudzidwa ndi mliriwu mu 2020, malonda osapezeka pa intaneti m'misika yaku Europe ndi America akhudzidwa.Komabe, malinga ndi deta yamsika, mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa ndudu wa Anglo International wapeza ndalama zokwana mapaundi 265 miliyoni mu theka loyamba la 2020, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 40,8%.Dongosolo loyang'anira la Nielsen kuyambira pa Epulo 3 mpaka Meyi 2 likuwonetsa kuti malonda onse amtundu wafodya wa e-fodya adatsika ndi 12,8%, ndipo akuyembekezeka kuti kukula kwapachaka kudzakhala 16,3%.Chifukwa chake, zotsatira za mliri pamsika wa ndudu za e-fodya ndizochepa, ndipo njira yotumizira kunja sikungasinthe kwenikweni.
Nthawi yomweyo, malamulo oyendetsera misika yaku Europe ndi America akumveka bwino pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kufunikira kwa kuchepetsa kuvulaza ndi kusiya kusuta kulipobe, kuphatikiza ndi kusasinthika kwamakampani aku China e-fodya kwakanthawi kochepa, kotero zomwe zikuchitika pano. Mapangidwe a msika apitiliza kusamalidwa.
Koma ziyenera kutsindika kuti mtengo wowonjezera wa OEM kupanga ndi wotsika kwambiri chifukwa mtengo wowonjezera wamakampaniwo uli kumapeto kwa kapangidwe ka R&D ndi malonda amtundu.Liu Yuanju, wofufuza ku Shanghai Institute of Finance and Law, anatsindika kuti n'zotheka kupanga njira yopangira malonda odziimira pawokha pambuyo pa ma OEM akuluakulu, kuti awonjezere phindu lawo.Kuphatikiza pa mtunduwo, Pan Helin amakhulupirira kuti matekinoloje ofunikira ndi ofunikira chimodzimodzi, apo ayi njira yopita kumayiko ena sikhala nthawi yayitali ngati ingodalira njira zamitengo kapena kukula kwakukulu.Chifukwa chake, opanga ndudu zaku China akufunikabe kuwongolera mulingo wawo wa R&D kapena mwayi wamtundu wawo, ndikukula kukhala tcheni chamtengo wapatali chamakampani.
Kuphatikiza pa mphamvu za kampaniyo, ngati ndondomeko zingathandize bwino malonda a m'banja ndikukulitsa misika yakunja, zidzawonjezeranso malonda akunja ndi mtengo wa ndudu zamagetsi za dziko langa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-30-2020